Monday, March 9, 2020

When we talked about particularly on education system we come to know that some kinds of variations were existed in past centuries and still it is prevailing in our current political economic and education system. Many people thought that teacher should be impartial and the role of teacher must be equal for everyone in society when we say the certain cases of past centuries as well as a holy scriptures of India that a very eminent teachers Bing very partial for his student and we can also connect one more thing with that simultaneously that this person who truly has a amazing power and has a table spirit of skills should have two face a personality and cruelty of teacher. When we see the very famous incident of mahabharat that true eminent and most marvelous powerful personality of two students name eklavya and Arjuna, the both hell equal tremendous power four his archery. This particular drama written by GP kalasam on the basis of UN in the favour of eklavya character and also justify the injustice of the character eklavya. Just because of ekalavya was a nishad and from the back for class not able to learn archery from the great guru dronacharya because this is the primary condition of dronacharya that he only teaches archery kshatriya or brahmins.our protagonist of the play is from the backward class just because two of social load condition he could not able and when he goes with a proposal to dronacharya that he wants to learn from him and you refused him that is clearly at that time I decided to learn from himself and be the great author of the world and with the help of his powerful archery skill he wants to save the life of animals. On the other hand we can say that other character of the play Arjun r also want to the great archer of the world and also uses his tremendous power of archery in the place of war and also uses this skill tu who win region and kingdom also to kill kauravas.

From this point of view the biased and partial teacher portals the observed economicals social on stability and also portals the deform caste system. The formation of class and discrimination class is always in favour of elite people then what we can see that those person who have a power skills and knowledge the should be ignorant and they should always with cloth class duty of a true teacher that that you should recognise a true skills and power and give the same opportunity and stage 2 eklavya then we can say that that this is the true competition because competition required to competitors if you enjoy your other than ultimately one goes to win this is all clear biased and partial teachers sign which we can see in mahabharat also. Indian scriptures and traditions mahabharat is a a very holistic and also conveys the lessons of morality then these kinds of incidents needs critical thinking that if the situation is much unstable and observed in that time then how we expect the bright future and The Bright generation.

Many people and critics writers considered the character of eklavya as a subaltern character but when we can see that the character of eklavya was not subaltern actually it is subaltern by his caste but not a subaltern by his thoughts because the power of to learn something to know something is a very extreme level in aqueous mind that is why you choose the self learning plan for him and also so he is not personal instead of having a low class nishad boy if dronacharya refused to him then also he strength of dronacharya as a teacher and started learning archery in observation of dronacharya idol that is why we can consider the superior Aditya of eklavya more than Arjuna and eclairs character. we can find that the character of eklavya was not in the subaltern but we can consider as he is a non rebellion character if he rebels if he hi rise a question then he will be e the great archer of the world just because of his much obedience and much discipline makes him defected hero of the Mahabharata.if you have a tremendous powerful skills then why you are much obedient in a false thing that is make you subaltern your own perspective of obedience disciplined maksuda form you should be other strong other skillous but don't waste your skills in your power on false people. As per my thinking I considered the character of Arjuna is a subaltern just because of if she is a good student then he should to raise his voice against this kind of injustice playing role in his front of eyes. To give the defect buy some kinds of abnormal unexpectable unreliable things is much harms your skills and personality my thinking I feel doubt on a generous character as well as on his skills that he tried to defect eklavya in a very easy way , it becomes very easy for Arjuna that without fighting and any work he get success to indirect defect someone. Arjuna is not a good teacher as well as a good friend how can we considered as that he is is a follower of a religion and friend of Krishna. Knowledge makes us moral power makes us obedient guy but when we see the situation of Mahabharata and specially in the incident of eklavya we can see that the knowledge and skills never makes Arjun and dronacharya moral as well as the ponder of Justice. as well as the character of eklavya was not even able to raise his voice against the false things and just because of we can say that it was a tragic or just because of his fall is just by his own fault he is completely ignorant that where to use how to use not to use his skills in front of anyone if you are a selfish if he is a great learner that he must we know that where to use a skill in a proper way in front of a proper person as well.

this is how we talked about the fastest centuries education political economic kal observed system as well as now we can see the today's system of education are much bureau 10 more than per centuries because hardly we find a one rotten incident of eklavya and dronacharya but nowadays we faced a much more hard and unexpectable incidents like disobedience of teacher disobedience of students, some rape cases by teachers on girl sexual harassment, beating are still prevailing in our current century that one of the most recent case of Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, that a 1 student who try to express his emotions and his anger to our society once he share of one little video against off University the university suddenly blocked her for the studies in university and rusticated him for his further studies. So this is how we can see that the current situation of education is like a big buffet of money which we can compare with a fool florist business. Unnecessary illegal tuition classes, illegal batteries, and we can find the man is student face in justice and unsatisfaction from this University colleges schools board examinations. cost of frequency that students also involved with this kind of observed situation but if he wants to make a good education system through political system good economical system the authority should be understand the situation and try to take some very preferable progressive steps towards this kind of circumstances because they are authority in there can only do something for that. Students are only medium for that students are a second steps of progress but first authority should able to do and make new changes and new awareness will must be provide by them. the true definition of guru and shishya is completely spoilt now here we can see the the list of commands and the list of post against the education system and also some are very logical politicians and good writers write about this kind of rotation system but question and our special concern is that who will change everything?

Education is very important in initial part of human life and education gives a new space new technologies and uses new awareness on humankind just because of education is a weapon to progress and makes own identity in front of world education is only weapon that you can share your thoughts in international level that education is prime concern in 21st century because the 21st century is a century of knowledge social media and technology if he wants to build a better education system we should apply digitalisation as well as useful fruitful use of technology in education system because technology is a weapon to make dispelled darkness of and hesitation of students mind.

Literary terms assignment

Tamsa pandya

Paper: Criticism

Topic:-Literary Terms

Enrollment number:2069108420200030

Roll number:38

Email ID: tamsapandya25@gmail.com

Submitted: department of English

Words:1619

Tragedy

A serious play (or, by extension, a novel) representing the Disastrous downfall of a central character, the *PROTAGONIST. In some ancient Greek tragedies such as the Eumenides of Aeschylus, a happy ending was possible, provided that the subject was mythological and the treatment dignified, but the more usual conclusion, involving the protagonist's death, has become the defining feature in later uses of the term. From the works of the Greek tragedians Aeschylus, Euripides, and Sophocles, the philosopher Aristotle arrived at the most influential definition of tragedy in his Poetics (4th century BCE): the imitation of an Action that is serious and complete, achieving a CATHARSIS ('purification') through incidents arousing pity and terror. Aristotle also observed that the protagonist is led into a fatal calamity by a HAMARTIA (‘Error') which often takes the form of *HUBRIS (excessive pride leading to divine retribution or *NEMESIS). The tragic effect usually depends on our awareness of admirable qualities—manifest or potential—in the protagonist, which are wasted terribly in the fated disaster. The most painfully tragic plays, like Shakespeare's KingLear, display a disproportion in scale between the protagonist's initial error and the overwhelming destruction with which it is punished. English tragedy of Shakespeare's time was not based directly on Greek examples, but drew instead upon the more rhetorical Roman precedent of SENECAN TRAGEDY (see also revenge tragedy).

Shakespearean tragedy thus shows an 'irregular' construction in the variety of its scenes and characters, whereas classical French tragedy of the 17th century is modeled more closely on Aristotle's observations, notably in its observance of the UNITIES of time, place, and action. Until the beginning of the 18th century, tragedies were written in verse, and usually dealt with the fortunes of royal families or other political leaders. Modern tragic drama, however, normally combines the socially inferior protagonist of *DOMESTIC TRAGEDY with the use of prose, as in the plays of Henrik Ibsen and Arthur Miller. Some novels, like Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) and Malcolm Lowry's Under the Volcano (1947) can be described as tragedies, since they describe the downfall of a central character.

catharsis

The effect of ‘purgation' or 'purification' achieved by tragic drama, according to Aristotle's argument in his Poetics (4th century BCE). Aristotle wrote that a *TRAGEDY should succeed 'in arousing pity and fear in such a way as to accomplish a catharsis of such emotions'. There has been much dispute about his meaning, but Aristotle seems to be rejecting Plato's hostile view of poetry as an unhealthy emotional stimulant. His metaphor of emotional cleansing has been read as a solution to the puzzle of audiences' pleasure or relief in witnessing the disturbing events enacted in tragedies. Another interpretation is that it is

The PROTAGONIST'S guilt that is purged, rather than the audience's feeling of terror. Adjective: cathartic.

plot

the pattern of events and situations in a narrative or dramatic work, as selected and arranged both to emphasize relationships— usually of cause and effect—between incidents and to elicit a particular kind of interest in the reader or audience, such as surprise or suspense. Although in a loose sense the term commonly refers to that sequence of chief events which can be summarized from a story or play, modern

criticism often makes a stricter distinction between the plot of a work and its story: the plot is the selected version of events as presented to the reader or audience in a certain order and duration, whereas the story is the full sequence of events as we imagine them to have taken place in their 'natural' order and duration. The story, then, is the hypothetical 'raw material' of events which we reconstruct from the finished product of the plot. The critical discussion of plots originates in Aristotle's Poetics (4th century BCE), in which his term mythos corresponds roughly with our 'plot'. Aristotle saw plot as more than just the arrangement of incidents:

He assigned to plot the most important function in a drama, as a governing principle of development and coherence to which other elements (including character) must be subordinated. He insisted that a

plot should have a beginning, a middle, and an end, and that its events should form a coherent whole. Plots vary in form from the fully integrated or 'tightly knit' to the loosely EPISODIC. In general, though, most plots will trace some process of change in which characters are caught up in a developing conflict that is finally resolved. See also intrigue, subplot.

practical criticism

in the general sense, the kind of Criticism that analysis specific literary works, either as a deliberate application of a previously elaborated theory or as a supposedly non-theoretical investigation. More specifically, the term is applied to an academic procedure devised by the critic I. A. Richards at Cambridge University in the 1920s and illustrated in his book Practical Criticism (1929). In this exercise, students are asked to analysis a short poem without any information about its authorship, date, or circumstances of composition, thus forcing them to attend to the 'words on the page' rather than refer to biographical and historical contexts. This discipline, enthusiastically adopted by the *CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL, became a standard model of rigorous criticism in British universities, and its style of 'close reading' influenced the New Criticism in America. See also explication.

Hubris [hew-bris] or hubris

the Greek word for 'insolence' or 'affront', applied to the arrogance or pride of the *PROTAGONIST in a *TRAGEDY in which he or she defies moral laws or the prohibitions of the gods. The protagonist's transgression or HAMARTIA leads eventually to his or her downfall, which may be understood as divine retribution or NEMESIS. Hubris is commonly translated as 'overweening (i.e. excessively presumptuous) pride'. In proverbial terms, hubris is thus the pride that comes before a fall. Adjective: hubristic

New Criticism

a movement in American literary CRITICISM from the 1930s to the 1960s, concentrating on the verbal complexities and ambiguities of short poems considered as self-sufficient objects without attention to their origins or effects. The name comes from John Crowe Ransom's book The New Criticism (1941), in which he surveyed the theories developed in England by T. S. Eliot, I. A. Richards, and William Empson, together with the work of the American critic Yvor Winters. Ransom called for a more 'objective' criticism focusing on the intrinsic qualities of a work rather than on its biographical or historical context;

and his students Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren had already provided a very influential model of such an approach in their college textbook Understanding Poetry (1938), which helped to make New Criticism the academic orthodoxy for the next twenty years. Other critics grouped under this heading, despite their differences, include Allen Tate, R. P. Blackmur, W. K. Wimsatt Jr, and Kenneth Burke.

Influenced by T. S. Eliot's view of poetry's *AUTOTELIC status, and by the detailed *SEMANTIC analyses of I. A. Richards in Practical Criticism (1929) and Empson in Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), the American New Critics repudiated 'extrinsic' criteria for understanding poems, dismissing them under such names as the AFFECTIVE FALLACY and the INTENTIONAL FALLACY. Moreover, they sought to overcome the traditional distinction between *FORM and * CONTENT: for them, a poem was ideally an 'organic unity' in which tensions were brought to equilibrium. Their favoured terms of analysis—*IRONY, *PARADOX,IMAGERY, METAPHOR, and SYMBOL—tended to neglect questions of GENRE, and were not successfully transferred to the study of dramatic and NARRATIVE works. Many later critics—often unsympathetic to the New Critics' Southern religious conservatism—accused them of cutting literature off from history, but their impact has in some ways been irreversible, especially in replacing biographical source-study with textcentred approaches. The outstanding works of New Criticism are Brooks's The Well-Wrought Urn (1947) and Wombat’s The Verbal Icon (1954).

chorus

a group of singers distinct from the principal performers in a dramatic or musical performance; also the song or REFRAIN that they sing. In classical Greek *TRAGEDY a chorus of twelve or fifteen masked performers would sing, with dancing movements, a commentary on the action of the play, interpreting its events from the standpoint of traditional wisdom. This practice appears to have been derived from the choral lyrics of religious festivals. The Greek tradition of choral *LYRIC includes the *DITHYRAMB, the *PAEAN, and the choral *ODES of Pindar. In some Elizabethan plays, like Shakespeare's Henry V, a single character called a chorus introduces the setting and action. Except in opera, the group chorus is used rarely in modern European drama: examples are T. S. Eliot's Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1948). The term has also been applied to certain groups of characters in novels, who view the main action from the standpoint of rural tradition, as in some works of George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, and William Faulkner. See also choral character.

deus ex machina [day-uus eks mak- ina]

The 'god from a machine' who was lowered on to the stage by mechanical contrivance in some ancient Greek plays (notably those of Euripides) to solve the problems of the *PLOT at a stroke. A later example is Shakespeare's introduction of Hymen into the last scene of As You like It to marry off the main

Characters. The term is now used pejoratively for any improbable or unexpected contrivance by which an author resolves the complications of the plot in a play or novel, and which has not been convincingly prepared for in the preceding action: the discovery of a lost will was a favourite resort of Victorian novelists. See also coup de theatre, denouement, and machinery.

Works Cited

Literary Terms. n.d. Documents. <https://literaryterms.net/>.

The Doctor Faustus

Tamsa pandya

Paper: The Renaissance Literature

Topic:-Dr.Faustus as Victim of Circumstances

Enrollment number:2069108420200030

Roll number:38

Email ID: tamsapandya25@gmail.com

Submitted: department of English

Words:2237

Dr faustus is Christopher marlowe's one of the most masterpiece drama in tragedy . In doctor faustus marlowe presents The unexpectable ambitious of human kind and the power of human mind. Marlowe talked about very ambitious nature of Dr faustus and his graving for knowledge and power leads him towards tragedy . To be sicker of much knowledge about any subject in the world and his lust for knowledge and his lust for power is over flooded in faustus character.

The fosters is a very debatable issue ins about his death and life we can consider that the darkera had been existed before Elizabeth age after arrival of Queen Elizabeth on throne the new mediaeval was changed completely by this kinds of authors who be the real spirit against darkness in and provide new awareness in the people's mind with the the new literature as elizabethan thoughts.

Doctor faustus's aim to get knowledge and for the sake of knowledge he ready to pass in every critical condition also we can also considering the fact that the death of faustus is just because of his sake of gaining knowledge. His wish to be world's the powerful person is a partial dream of doctor faustus and just because of that his nature eventually grave The lust of knowledge.

If your intention or goal is good it's ok if it is a partial but but your way of reaching your goal and, the process of your journey is wrong then the ultimate result is you destroy yourself as well as your dream too. We can see the same happened with doctor faustus that he is good by nature as well as his intention to grave more knowledge and become a powerful as like gods but the way he choose is totally wrong and we can say the braking rule of the world and unexpectable imagination takes place in that play and as a result is a very normal and formal: tragedy.

Tragedy is a form of genre it means of at the end of every play or every drama the protagonist should be meet death with his own fault and error of judgment in or things and surroundings, the circumstances which doctor Foster faces in surroundings from that point of view partwe can clearly see the ultimate end and tragady of character.

Doctor Foster had a quest for knowledge

For the sake of fulfillment his own dreams and desires he started believing in some supernatural beliefs. Because after reading so many books he wants to know much more about the existing of Earth and God, his educated mind started questioning about the existing of world his mind is critical thinking started is thinking against the rule of world and one or other way he break the rule of the world as well as this is his first signed towards his tragedy. Doctor faustus committed very extraordinary act which we can see in Maldives play by this act the artistic imagenative writing style of Christopher marlowe that is depicted something very extraordinary things in his play just for instance act before Lucifer calling. As we all know that The King of hell Lucifer help him to complete his dreams and desires to be the most knowledgeable and powerful person in the world. Lucifer gave him promise that he will satisfied him and his hunger for knowledge and also put on condition to doctor faustus that after 24 years he should give his soul in the hand of Lucifer. Lucifer invasion his soul and body completely. Dr fosters completely agree with Lucifer that he enjoyed the 24 hours blessings of lucifer and then the king of hell Lucifer take his soul in hell for perpetual burning.

Hare you can see the complete ignorance of protagonist. Doctor Foster is knowledgeable man as Christopher marlowe considered him but when we see the irony between good and evil we can consider doctor faustus as a evil character just because he driven by his desire and also manipulated by lucifer's promises the characteristic of a knowledgeable good person is to be always aware about the fact truth and reality this is how we can say that that knowledge is never emerge maturity knowledge becomes the reason of doctor faustus willingness and also the reason of doctor Faustus's fall. The Fall of a man is a major concern of tragedy and we can also considered the term hamartia doctor faustus's character that how his lust unaware about reality and result that is why the fosters death then what is the exact meaning of that particular character that we can consider doctor faustus as a martian character just because of doctor Faustus square test is for knowledge and also avoiding the reality truth and effect of the world that supernatural believes and the concept of hell and heaven is not considering as a relevant think of human kinds life. When we evaluate character of doctor faustus as a man of knowledge of course he's but we can not considered as a man of realistic thinking. Doctor faustus's quest for knowledge in power ultimately becomes the distortion of his rational mind. Hear Christopher marlowe also depicted that not only ignorant people death those people were very knowledgeable , meets tragedy just because of his own fault and his own Miss Fortune one on the other he lost his retionality and he driven by extra ordinary fantasy things. The distortion of knowledge disconnect doctor faustus from the reality of life distortion of be powerful drag the attention of doctor faustus towards to commit a deadly sins. Distortion of knowledge manipulate doctor faustus against of humanity and divinely good character. knowledge in his pursuit for the power and fame . But when we see the part from doctor faustus he is driven by lucifer's and mephistopheles's seductive thoughts. After enjoying a very powerful and a very precious fruitful life the day had came when doctor Faustus should have to submit his soul to Lucifer . After taking the soul of Dr faustus Lucifer put it ine help for a perpetual burning to lifelong. After the enlightenment of truth Dr faustus request and pray to God to save his life from the hell and perpetual burning also regards god to save his life. When we see e the soliloquy of doctor faustus is all about the marginalised his is fault and Miss Fortune. Doctor Faustus used so many natural elements in his soliloquy for the sake of his life request to God to save him and make him hide behind mountains rainy drops clouds oceans etc. The day is come and mephistopheles and Lucifer come to the earth for doctor faustus's soul trafficking. After all prayers and requests of doctor faustus to god is completely worthless now nevertheless his fault is a very generous but serious too. As well as doctor faustus presence here the over ambitious nature of people and something about is is that sometimes good to be the ignorant for the sake of your happy life because over knowledge is sometimes make a catastrophic situation of life.

Hate you can see the complete ignorance of protagonist. Doctor Foster is knowledgeable man is Christopher marlowe considered him but when we see e the irony between good and evil we can consider doctor faustus as a evil character just because he driven by his desire and also manipulated by lucifer's promises the characteristic of a knowledgeable good person is to be always aware about the fact truth and reality this is how we can say that that knowledge is never emerge maturity knowledge becomes the reason of doctor faustus willingness and also the reason of doctor Faustus's fall. The Fall of a man is a a major concern of tragedy and we can also considered the term hamartia doctor faustus's character that how he is is lust unaware about reality and result that is why the fosters death then what is the exact meaning of commercial in that particular character that we can consider as a doctor faustus as a martian character just because of doctor Foster square test is for knowledge and also avoiding the reality truth and effect of the world that supernatural believes and the concept of hell and heaven is not considering as a relevant think of human kinds life. When we evaluate character of doctor faustus as a man of knowledge of course he's but we can not considered as a man of realistic thinking. Doctor faustus's quest for knowledge in power ultimately becomes the distortion of his rational mind. Hear Christopher marlowe also depicted that not only ignorant people death those people were very knowledgeable , MITS tragedy just because of his own fault and his own Miss Fortune one on the other he lost his nationality and they are driven by extra ordinary fantasy things. The distortion of knowledge disconnect doctor faustus from the reality of life distortion of be powerful drag the attention of doctor faustus towards to commit a deadly sins. Distortion of knowledge manipulate doctor faustus against of humanity and divinely good character. knowledge in his pursuit for the power and to be importance. But when we see the part from doctor faustus he is driven by lucifer's and mephistopheles's seductive thoughts. After enjoying a very powerful and a very precious fruitful life de had came when doctor Faustus should have to to submit his soul to Lucifer . After taking the soul of Dr faustus Lucifer put it ine help for a perpetual burning to lifelong. After the enlightenment of truth Dr faustus request and pray to God to save his life from the hell and perpetual burning you also regards god to save his life. When we see e the soliloquy of doctor faustus is all about the marginalised his is fault and Miss Fortune. Doctor Faustus used so many natural elements in his soliloquy for the sake of his life request to God to save him and make him hide behind mountains rainy drops clouds oceans etc. The day is come and mephistopheles and Lucifer come to the earth for doctor faustus's soul trafficking. the all praise and request of doctor faustus to god is completely worthless now nevertheless his his fault is is a very generous but serious too. As well as doctor faustus presence here the over ambitious nature of people and something about is is that sometimes good to be the ignorant for the sake of your happy life because over knowledge is sometimes make a catastrophic situation of life.

So show with the very concern of our topic is how the distortion of his human mind Leeds towards them tragedy with special reference of doctor faustus we can see that distortion lust has no limits and criteria it highly affected on people's mind and some kind of psychological disorder main happens just because of that kind of distortion because distortion is correlated with the emissions of human mind and human eye easily can catch of these kinds of signals very when we study the character of doctor Foster so many psychological analogical things came to us that this treasury also convey the message of psychological disorder and something error in your mind of protagonist this kind of error convert in a pride and ego. for the satisfaction of pride and ego protagonist maybe choose a very wrong unexpectable on realistic paath to gain his goal into be powerful character lost is intellectuality just because of his aur building nature. In this drama we can say that marlow's output was in its development and in its expression as well. We can see the some fragments in his soliloquy of Dr faustus. Also we can consider that drama of Christopher marlowe is a specially written for William Shakespeare just because Christopher marlowe wants to give a fragments to William Shakespeare that the William Shakespeare needs a more maturity in the express ripness.

The usefulness of Christopher marlowe gives us permanent lessons of life as well as this drama is a sign of upcoming future that age of elizabethan is age of enlightened and the new things thoughts trends, rituals, literature were came in this particular era. This is a big sign of development and progress Christopher marlowe makes us aware about upcoming situation throughout his writing skill that the upcoming era wazir of knowledge and power so if a person like doctor for status becomes mad behind any power and knowledge the ultimate Lee and of his life is all about that and tragedy, from this tragedy Christopher marlowe wants to give us about the how to be realistic men as well as the how to cultivate a moral sense in ourselves that something is over reflective harmful sign on so something is in extra dose makes a harm effect on world.